The Medication Level Variability Index (MLVI) Predicts Poor Liver Transplant Outcomes: A Prospective Multi-Site Study.
2017 Oct
Journal Article
Authors:
Shemesh, E.;
Bucuvalas, J.C.;
Anand, R.;
Mazariegos, G.V.;
Alonso, E.M.;
Venick, R.S.;
Reyes-Mugica, M.;
Annunziato, R.A.;
Shneider, B.L.
Secondary:
Am J Transplant
Volume:
17
Pagination:
2668-2678
Issue:
10
PMID:
28321975
Keywords:
Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; liver transplantation; Patient Compliance; Prospective Studies; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome
Abstract:
Nonadherence to immunosuppressant medications is a leading cause of poor long-term outcomes in transplant recipients. The Medication Level Variability Index (MLVI) provides a vehicle for transplant outcome risk-stratification through continuous assessment of adherence. The MALT (Medication Adherence in children who had a Liver Transplant) prospective multi-site study evaluated whether MLVI predicts late acute rejection (LAR). Four hundred pediatric (1-17-year-old) liver transplant recipients were enrolled and followed for 2 years. The a-priori hypothesis was that a higher MLVI predicts LAR. Predefined secondary analyses evaluated other outcomes such as liver enzyme levels, and sensitivity analyses compared adolescents to pre-adolescents. In the primary analysis sample of 379 participants, a higher prerejection MLVI predicted LAR (mean prerejection MLVI with LAR: 2.4 [3.6 standard deviation] versus without LAR, 1.6 [1.1]; p = 0.026). Fifty-three percent of the adolescents with MLVI>2 in year 1 had LAR by the end of year 2, as compared with 6% of those with year 1 MLVI≤2. A higher MLVI was significantly associated with all secondary outcomes. MLVI, a marker of medication adherence that uses clinically derived information, predicts LAR in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
